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A ballot initiative to legalize marijuana for recreational use in Florida failed Tuesday, receiving 55.9% of the vote but falling short of the 60% threshold needed to amend the constitution.
The initiative, known as Amendment 3, sought to allow adults over 21 to purchase cannabis for adult use from already-existing medicinal dispensaries, with the potential to extend to other retailers if the Legislature approved.
The primary financial backing for Amendment 3 came from Trulieve Cannabis Corp. (CSE: TRUL) (OTCQX: TCNNF), Florida’s leading medical cannabis company, which contributed approximately $145 million to the campaign. This made up the great majority of the campaign’s $153 million budget as of October.
However, opposition was strong, with Governor Ron DeSantis and the Florida Republican Party voicing concerns. DeSantis argued that legalization would have a detrimental effect on people’s quality of life, including worries about possible marijuana-related odors.
In South Dakota and North Dakota, similar efforts to legalize recreational cannabis were also underway but did not gain enough support. The two states have now voted on recreational cannabis measures three times, with each attempt failing to pass.
Meanwhile, Nebraska voters took a different direction, approving two measures—Initiative Measures 438 and 437—to permit and regulate medical cannabis. Measure 437 passed with 70.7% support and allows individuals with a healthcare provider’s recommendation to use and possess up to five ounces of medical cannabis.
Measure 438, garnering 66.9% support, establishes a regulatory framework for the medical cannabis industry in Nebraska, including the creation of the Nebraska Medical Marijuana Commission. The measure authorizes registered private entities to manufacture, distribute, and dispense medical cannabis.
As of the time of the 2024 elections, recreational marijuana had been legalized in 24 states and D.C., covering about 53% of the U.S. population. Additionally, 38 states and D.C. had laws permitting medical cannabis use. Despite these state-level policies, cannabis remains illegal at the federal level, where possession and sales are still subject to legal penalties, including fines and prison time.
Other states had a range of measures on their ballots that went beyond cannabis legislation. Some states passed amendments to prohibit non-U.S. citizens from voting, and Arizona passed a measure allowing local law enforcement to implement immigration laws. Various other proposals addressed taxes, wages, and educational policies. For example, school choice initiatives were considered but ultimately failed in Nebraska and Kentucky.
Many of the measures were brought to the public through citizen petitions, bypassing state legislatures, while others were introduced by legislators.
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